Products related to Constraints:
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Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints
This book provides a solid foundation and an extensive study for an important class of constrained optimization problems known as Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC), which are extensions of bilevel optimization problems.The book begins with the description of many source problems arising from engineering and economics that are amenable to treatment by the MPEC methodology.Error bounds and parametric analysis are the main tools to establish a theory of exact penalisation, a set of MPEC constraint qualifications and the first-order and second-order optimality conditions.The book also describes several iterative algorithms such as a penalty-based interior point algorithm, an implicit programming algorithm and a piecewise sequential quadratic programming algorithm for MPECs.Results in the book are expected to have significant impacts in such disciplines as engineering design, economics and game equilibria, and transportation planning, within all of which MPEC has a central role to play in the modelling of many practical problems.
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Dark Matter : Evidence, Theory, and Constraints
A complete treatment of all aspects of dark matter physicsThis book provides an incisive, self-contained introduction to one of the most intriguing subjects in modern physics, presenting the evidence we have from astrophysics for the existence of dark matter, the theories for what it could be, and the cutting-edge experimental and observational methods for testing them.It begins with a survey of the astrophysical phenomena, from rotation curves to lensing and cosmological structure formation.It goes on to offer the most comprehensive overview available of all three major theories, discussing weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), axions, and primordial black holes.The book explains the constraints on each theory, such as direct detection and indirect astrophysical limits, and enables students to build physical intuition using hands-on exercises and supplemental material. The only book to treat extensively WIMPs, axions, and primordial black holesProvides balanced coverage of the evidence, theory, and testing for dark matter from astrophysics, particle physics, and experimental physicsIncludes original problems and short quizzes throughoutAccompanied by Jupyter notebooks that give sample calculations and methods to reproduce key results and graphsAn ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and an essential reference for researchers
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The Constitutionalization of European Budgetary Constraints
The recently enacted Treaty on the Stability, Coordination and Governance of the Economic and Monetary Union (generally referred to as the Fiscal Compact) has introduced a 'golden rule', which is a detailed obligation that government budgets be balanced.Moreover, it required the 25 members of the EU which signed the Treaty in March 2012, to incorporate this 'golden rule' within their national Constitutions.This requirement represents a major and unprecedented development, raising formidable challenges to the nature and legitimacy of national Constitutions as well as to the future of the European integration project.This book analyses the new constitutional architecture of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), examines in a comparative perspective the constitutionalization of budgetary rules in the legal systems of the Member States, and discusses the implications of these constitutional changes for the future of democracy and integration in the EU.By combining insights from law and economics, comparative institutional analysis and legal theory, the book offers a comprehensive survey of the constitutional incorporation of new fiscal and budgetary rules across Europe and a systematic normative discussion of the legitimacy issues at play.It thus contributes to a better understanding of the Euro-crisis, of the future of the EU, and the reforms needed towards a deeper and genuine EMU.
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India’s Naval Diplomacy : Contours and Constraints
This book studies India’s evolving naval engagements with other nations of the Indian Ocean region.It traces the growth of the Indian Navy and discusses its role as an instrument of meeting national objectives, particularly for furthering foreign policy.The volume analyses themes such as Indian Navy’s (IN) transition from a brown water to blue water force, Indian maritime debates and doctrines, naval ‘bridge-building’ missions, and Sino-Indian maritime competitions.It examines Indian Navy’s regional roles within the broader framework of its diplomatic objectives in particular regions and looks at how keen regional states are to accept India as a crisis manager and would allow it to build a regional maritime security architecture.The author also discusses state control over naval diplomatic roles and investigates if Indian Navy can effectively hedge extra-regional, mainly Chinese, involvement in the Indian Ocean. An important study of India’s naval prowess, this book will be indispensable to students and researchers of political science, international relations, maritime and naval studies, strategic studies, geopolitics, defence studies, conflict studies, diplomacy, Indian Ocean studies, South Asian studies and those interested in India-China maritime rivalry.
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How do you establish kinematic constraints?
Kinematic constraints are established by defining the relationships between the motion of different parts of a system. This can be done by specifying the allowable range of motion for each part, as well as any restrictions on their relative positions or velocities. Kinematic constraints can also be implemented through mathematical equations that describe the relationships between the motion variables of the system. By carefully defining these constraints, we can accurately model the behavior of the system and predict its motion under different conditions.
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What are the extrema under constraints?
Extrema under constraints refer to the maximum or minimum values of a function subject to certain conditions or restrictions. These constraints can be in the form of equations or inequalities that limit the possible values of the variables. Finding extrema under constraints involves optimizing the function while satisfying these restrictions, which often requires the use of techniques such as Lagrange multipliers or substitution methods. The solutions obtained in this way represent the highest or lowest values that the function can achieve within the given constraints.
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What are extremum problems with constraints?
Extremum problems with constraints involve finding the maximum or minimum value of a function while satisfying certain constraints. These constraints can be inequalities or equalities that restrict the possible solutions to the problem. The goal is to optimize the function within the given constraints to find the best possible solution. Extremum problems with constraints are commonly encountered in various fields such as economics, engineering, and mathematics.
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Gendering Legislative Behavior : Institutional Constraints and Collaboration
In democracies, power is obtained via competition. Yet, as women gain access to parliaments in record numbers, worldwide collaboration appears to be on the rise.This is puzzling: why, if politicians can secure power through competition, would we observe collaboration in Congress?Using evidence from 200 interviews with politicians from Argentina and a novel dataset from 23 Argentine legislative chambers over an 18-year period, Gendering Legislative Behavior reexamines traditional notions of competitive democracy by evaluating patterns of collaboration among legislators.Although only the majority can secure power via competition, all legislators - particularly those who do not have power - can influence the policy-making process through collaboration.Tiffany D. Barnes argues that as women have limited access to formal and informal political power, they collaborate more than men to influence policy-making.Despite the benefits of collaboration, patterns of collaboration vary among women because different legislative contexts either facilitate or constrain women's collaboration.
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12 Projects in 120 Constraints : Plan:b Architects
In this book, we review a set of Plan:b projects in Colombia through the environmental, social, and voluntary constraints we faced, and the interim agreements we built around them.We carry out a reconstruction of the central facts behind these buildings through an “inverse” exercise — explaining each project based on contextual constraints and not on singular architectural ideas.We review the work of other authors and the way they understand limitations and difficulties that are part of their creative activity and attempt to generate a broad reflective base to approach our architectural projects and the predominant role that restrictions have played in them.
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Context Changes Everything : How Constraints Create Coherence
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A Constraints-Led Approach to Swim Coaching
Motor skill acquisition and athlete development practices are rapidly evolving.Positioned at the forefront of this evolution, the constraints-led approach encourages practitioners to consider the athlete as a whole person, with unique traits, abilities, and capacities.Accordingly, an athlete’s competitive success lies in the practitioner’s ability to adapt their programming to the unique needs of each athlete and to develop an understanding of the athlete-environment relationship.A Constraints-Led Approach to Swim Coaching applies contemporary motor skill acquisition and athlete development practices to swimming.This book encourages coaches to reconsider how they approach skill development in a sport that requires considerable physical training and highly efficient movement.It presents a framework for identifying the various constraints that determine the ability to perform at a high level.It then offers coaches practical examples to navigate the manipulation of constraints to support the development of physical capacities and the ability to effectively utilize those capacities through efficient movement.These frameworks are broadly inclusive to the global sports programming market.This book is written through a “conversive” voice and is accessible to a broad audience interested in athlete development and programming such as coaches, sport scientists, support staff, athletes, and parents.At the same time, academics and students in the areas of sport coaching, biomechanics, motor skill acquisition, strength and conditioning, and related disciplines will find interest in the insights provided from this underrepresented niche in sports.
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What are extreme values considering constraints?
Extreme values considering constraints refer to the maximum or minimum values of a function within a given set of constraints. These constraints can be in the form of inequalities or specific conditions that limit the possible values of the function. Finding extreme values considering constraints involves optimizing the function within the given constraints, and it often requires the use of techniques such as Lagrange multipliers or the method of substitution. These extreme values are important in various real-world applications, such as maximizing profits subject to production constraints or minimizing costs within certain limitations.
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How to solve extremum problems with constraints?
To solve extremum problems with constraints, one can use the method of Lagrange multipliers. This method involves setting up a system of equations where the gradient of the objective function is proportional to the gradient of the constraint function. By solving this system of equations, one can find the values of the variables that satisfy both the objective function and the constraint. This allows for finding the maximum or minimum value of the objective function while adhering to the given constraints.
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How do you set up kinematic constraints?
To set up kinematic constraints, you first need to identify the relationship between the objects or parts that you want to constrain. Then, you can use software tools such as CAD programs or physics engines to define the constraints based on this relationship. Common types of kinematic constraints include revolute joints, prismatic joints, and fixed joints, which restrict the motion of the objects in specific ways. By applying these constraints, you can simulate realistic movements and interactions between the objects in your system.
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What is an optimization problem with constraints?
An optimization problem with constraints is a mathematical problem where the goal is to find the best solution for a given objective function, while satisfying certain limitations or conditions. These limitations are known as constraints and they restrict the possible solutions to the problem. The objective is to find the optimal solution that maximizes or minimizes the objective function, while still meeting all the constraints. This type of problem is commonly encountered in various fields such as engineering, economics, and operations research.
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